Shutter Speed

For this task, I explored how different shutter speeds worked. From the first two photos I took it was very clear that the slower the shutter speed the more blurred the image became (with movement in the photo).

To show this I took a photo of my dad swinging a putter in the garden at the same speed. I also set my camera to 10fps mode so I could pick a similar setting shot to one of other shutter speed.

 

1/60th Sec                       1/640th Sec

From these two photos, you can see that the golf putter is blurred on the slower shutter speed and more visible on the higher version.

I also found out that the shutter speed effects the amount of light that enters the lens. To show this I went into manual mode on my camera, and took 3 pictures at different shutter speeds to show how the light changes with different shutter speeds. The first photo had the correct exposure levels for the settings I had used according to my camera.

1/30th Sec

1/250th Sec                     1/2th Sec

These photos were under exposed and over exposed by around +2.0EV and –2.0EV my camera said. This was because too much light was entering the image sensor, or not enough light was entering the sensor.

The longer you leave the shutter open the more light that can get to the image senor. This is why is darker locations you will need a longer shutter speed. Similar to shooting in bright locations you will need a faster shutter speed.

I did an experiment in the dark in my bathroom with a really slow shutter speed from 3 to 20 seconds. As I didn't have the light on, there was no source of light the camera could pick up. Which allowed me to create my own light trail effects such as when taking photos of cars in the dark. I have chosen the best 2 to show in this section.

Using a slow shutter enabled the camera to capture all of the trail of the light source. It can give some really advanced effects by professionals.

ISO

ISO abbreviated for International Organization of Standardization. Most modern day camera have the option to change the ISO setting, Unlike in the film days where if you wanted a different ISO you had to take all the film out and insert a different ISO type film.

It is the ISO is a measure of sensitivity to light that the camera has. The higher the ISO the more sensitive the camera is to light. The problem is, the higher the ISO the more noise a photo will produce.

To show this I have taken 4 photos at different ISO settings to show how a low ISO number gives less noise and a high ISO gives more noise and quality loss.

125 400

1600 3200

You can see the clear difference between ISO 125 and ISO 3200, The 3200 Image has got a lot of noise on it, and the detail on the lettering has decreased. That is why whenever I shoot my photos I always use a ISO of 125 to make sure I get a noise-free image.

There are a few times that a higher ISO is necessary, such as when shooting in a dark environment and flash is not permitted or your flash isn't strong enough (When zooming in on something far away)

Depth of Field

For this section I will be showing how zoom and aperture effects the depth of field of a photo.

First of all I will show 2 photos showing the same flower head, but one without zoom and the other using the zoom but moving the camera away from the flower head and keeping it in focus.

Without Zoom With Zoom

I will now show the difference that aperture has on the photo. By lowering the aperture it gives the image a bigger depth of field as it becomes more blurred.

f.2.8 f.8.0

Using a higher aperture gives more detail and focus to the background. We can see that f.8.0 gives more details to the conifers and grass and alternatively we can see that f.2.8 makes everything except what the camera is focused on blurred.

As we increase the aperture controls the amount of light that reaches the image sensor or film. The higher the aperture number the smaller the hole that allows light to enter the camera, which means the longer the shutter speed will have to be for sufficient light exposure.

f.2.8 f.8.0